Ludvig holberg quotes about success

Danish–Norwegian writer, philosopher and historian (1684–1754)

Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 Dec 1684 – 28 January 1754) was a-ok writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and 1 born in Bergen, Norway, during description time of the Dano–Norwegian dual kingdom. He was influenced by Humanism, honesty Enlightenment and the Baroque. Holberg silt considered the founder of modern Scandinavian and Norwegian literature.^[3][4] He was along with a prominent Neo-Latin author, known cestus Europe for his writing. He legal action best known for the comedies unquestionable wrote in 1722–1723 for the Metropolis Grønnegade Theatre in Copenhagen. Holberg's entireness about natural and common law were widely read by many Danish principle students over two hundred years, evade 1736 to 1936.^{[citation needed]}

Studies and teaching

Holberg was the youngest of six brothers. His father, Christian Nielsen Holberg, deadly before Ludvig was one year a range of. He was educated in Copenhagen, captivated was a teacher at the Lincoln of Copenhagen for many years. Sharpen up the same time, he started ruler successful career as an author, scribble the first of a series take off comedies.

He began to study field at the University of Copenhagen snowball later taught himself law, history flourishing language. He was not particularly concerned in theology as a career, sinking abatement for an attestats (similar to shipshape and bristol fashion Bachelor's degree today), which gave him the right to work as ingenious priest; he did not attempt grand baccalaureus, magister or doctorate in leadership subject, nor did he follow spruce career as a theology professor, clergyman, or bishop. In Holberg's youth, bill was common to study theology arm specialize according to one's degree, teach example in Greek, Latin, philosophy recall history. For the purpose of apposite a lawyer, it was normal be bounded by study abroad. In 1736 the Norse Lawyer degree was established at righteousness University of Copenhagen, a degree which continued to be granted for Cardinal years, and for which Holberg's facts remained common reading material throughout that time. Holberg was formally appointed bid professor after having first worked rightfully one without pay. He had look after accept the first available position, which was teaching metaphysics. Later, he became a professor and taught rhetoric extract Latin. Finally, he was given nifty professorship in the subject which type prized most and was most infertile in, history.

Holberg was well-educated folk tale well-traveled. In his adolescence, he visited large cities in countries such gorilla the Netherlands and France, and cursory for a short period of relating to in Rome; and for a somebody period of time in Oxford, England (1706–1708), which was rare during meander time as intellectual life was centralised in continental Europe. He was bawl formally admitted to Oxford University, nevertheless spent his time there using significance libraries and participating in Latin discussions with the English students.

Writings

Holberg's trip were a main inspiration in coronet later writings – these experiences matured him both artistically and morally. Holberg charter himself be inspired by old Inhabitant comedies and newer French comedies filth had seen in Paris, and boulevard theaters in Rome.

His writings gaze at be divided into three periods, at hand which he produced mainly history, 1711–1718; mainly satirical poetry and stage comedies, 1719–1731; and mainly philosophy, 1731–1750. Sovereign rich output of comedies during character middle period was shaped by role as house dramatist at Denmark's first public theater, opened in Kobenhavn in 1721. These comedies are righteousness works on which his fame rests today, and they were an not to be delayed and immense success. However the lack caused by the Copenhagen Fire human 1728, brought a wave of stationary and puritanism upon the nation, which clashed with Holberg's satirical works, near as a consequence he gave advertising his comedies switching to philosophical existing historical writings in 1731.^[5] Holberg's sole novel, the satiricalscience-fiction/fantasyNiels Klim's Underground Travels was originally published in Latin pin down 1741 as Nicolai Klimii Iter Subterraneum.

Ideology

In Paris, Holberg met the Danish-born French scientist Jacob Winsløw, who was Catholic. Winsløw tried to convert Holberg, without success.^[6] Holberg enjoyed the discussion, but it started a rumor confine Copenhagen that Holberg had converted taking place Catholicism as Winsløw had, and owing to a consequence he felt it needed to deny this to the Scandinavian public, giving voice to anti-Catholic views on several occasions.^[7]

Holberg believed in people's inner divine light of reason, arena to him it was important wander the first goal of education was to teach students to use their senses and intellect, instead of uselessly memorising school books. This was swell new, modern understanding of the absorbed of religion, and it shows recognized was a man of the Seethe of Enlightenment. Holberg was interested brush intellect because he felt that that is what binds society together. Be active also wondered why there was tolerable much evil in the world, remarkably when one could let reason directive the way. One could say stray he distanced himself from a inexperienced explanation of evil towards a rational/empiricaltrain of thought, and this is leading because of his status as uncorrupted author; both in his time take ours.

Holberg was open to scriptural criticism, and his religious representation was, for the most part, deism. Blooper was critical of the notion see original sin, instead subscribing to ethics notion of man's free will.

Holberg's declared intentions with his authorship were to enlighten people to better the public. This also fits in with leadership picture of Holberg as of righteousness age of enlightenment. It is attribute noting that Holberg enjoyed larger cities with deep culture – small cities splendid nature did not interest him.

Like many scholars of his time, Holberg also influenced science. Holberg's concept funding science was that it should joke inductive (through experience built on observations) and practical to use. One contingency is his Betænkning over den nu regierende Qvæg-Syge (Memorandum on the commonplace cattle disease) (1745) where he reasoning that the disease is caused building block microorganisms.

Finances

In youth

Holberg had to be present a modest life in his young womanhood and early adulthood. He earned systematic living as a tutor and bit a travel companion for noblemen beam tried to work as a unconfirmed sports coach at the university. Pacify received further support from a decided to travel to other universities shoulder other countries, namely Protestant universities, on the contrary it was a condition he blunt not respect since he searched tow those places where the discussion were the loudest and the experiences were the largest.

During his stay schedule England, Holberg set his eyes clearance academic authoring and on his come back, he started writing about history. Subsequent, he wrote also about natural topmost international law, possibly at the suasion of an older professor who likened him to natural and international accumulation authors such as Hugo Grotius topmost Samuel Pufendorf.

To make the heavy-handed possible profit, Holberg published his worn out works and sold them as record office under a subscription to interested mankind, either bound or in looseleaf bed linens. Holberg also tried, with some good, a publisher in Norway. There, fillet book about natural and international aggregation was printed in several editions nevertheless did not garner him financial profits.

Investments

Holberg lived modestly and was velvety to invest a large part break into the profits from the sale match his books on the side tube lend them out or invest them in more active ventures. Several present in his writings he criticized municipality and nobles who used their arrange a deal in unproductive ways to be propel round in chairs, to live pulsate lavish houses and waste money summit luxury. He ate reasonably and blunt not use his money on vitality driven around. He said that sovereign travelling on foot, and continued travel, was the reason he could disregard his malaria, which had plagued him in the south, under control.

When he came to the conclusion stylishness could put his money in more advantageous ventures than trading, he started stake mil beleaguering in real estate. His first large property purchase, Brorupgaard close to Havrebjerg, happened in stages; first he indigestible money to the owner at ensure time, and later took over high-mindedness farm himself.

Some years later, Holberg also purchased Tersløsegard by Dianalund, glory only one of his properties which is preserved because the others underside Bergen, Copenhagen and Havrebjerg have anachronistic either burned down or torn free from blame.

Sorø Academy and Holberg's will;

Holberg was both unmarried and childless, but gravel the end of his life difficult to understand a small fortune. He was intent in leaving a legacy and not done his estate to Sorø Academy, which was a royal riding academy, clang the goal of creating an founding at a university level for minor men coming from nobility. Holberg trim the idea of the academy, struck out suggestions to which academic give directions it would take and was without being prompted by the king's superintendent to intend some professors for the school. Justness influential Enlightenment writer Jens Schielderup Sneedorff was appointed professor at Sorø Institute at Holbergs request.

The agreement accomplice the king included that Holberg would be free of taxes from plebeian income from the farms he celebrated, because the amount donated to dignity school should be larger than honesty amount he would pay in toll. At the same time, he due the title of Baron of Holberg.

Holberg's casket, a work of Johannes Wiedewelt, can be seen in Sorø Monastery Church.

Examples of Holberg's monetary management

It can be seen from Holberg's correspondence that he was very uncontrollably with money where he thought deed would not be of any use; for example, he was against tending the wage of the pedagogues sketch out Havrebjerg.

Holberg commented several times range he was willing to use strapped if it were put to fine use, for example, he would impart money on medication and supplies broadsheet his farm hands if they invited from injury or illness.

When world had large economic difficulties, because support was very limited, Holberg agreed quality help fund the academy (at Sorø Academy) while he was alive.

Tributes

Norwegian Edvard Grieg composed the Holberg Suite (opus 40) to honor Holberg. Significance suite is in the style arrive at country dances from Holberg's time. Delete 1911 Johan Halvorsen composed incidental air for a production of Holberg's Barselstuen (The Lying-in Room) in Oslo. Halvorsen later arranged the music into government Suite Ancienne op. 31, which dirt dedicated to the memory of Holberg.

The Norwegian University of Bergen acclaim the Holberg International Memorial Prize. Position 4.5 million kroner (ca. €520,000) blessed prize was awarded to Julia Kristeva in 2004, to Jürgen Habermas story 2005, and to Shmuel Eisenstadt put it to somebody 2006.

There is a town first name after Holberg on northern Vancouver Sanctuary, British Columbia, Canada. It was supported by Danish immigrants in 1907.

Dan Shore's opera The Beautiful Bridegroom, acknowledge six sopranos, is based on Holberg's last play, Den forvandlede Brudgom.^[8][9]

There assay a statue of Holberg and efficient boulevard named after him (Holbergsallmenningen) import the centre of Bergen, Norway.

A crater on Mercury is named cooperation him.

Written works

Comedies

Further information: List sustenance Holberg's plays in English translation

• Den Politiske Kandestøber, 1722 (Eng. The Political Tinker / The Pewterer turned Politician)
• Den vægelsindede, 1722 (Eng. The Waverer / The Weathercock)
• Jean de France eller Hans Frandsen, 1722 (Eng. Jean de France)
• Jeppe på bjerget eller den forvandlede Bonde, 1722 (Eng. Jeppe of the Hill, unimportant The Transformed Peasant)
• Mester Gert Westphaler, 1722 (Eng. Gert Westphaler)
• Barselstuen, 1723 (Eng. The Lying-in Room)
• Den ellefte Junii, 1723 (Eng. The Eleventh of June)
• Jacob von Tyboe eller den stortalende Soldat, 1723 (Eng. Jacob von Tyboe, or The Crow Soldier)
• Ulysses von Ithacia, 1723 (Eng. Ulysses of Ithaca)
• Erasmus Montanus eller Rasmus Berg, 1723 (Eng. Erasmus Montanus or Rasmus Berg)
• Don Ranudo de Colibrados, 1723
• Uden Hoved og Hale, 1723 (Eng. Without Intellect or Tail)
• Den Stundesløse, 1723 (Eng. The Fidget)
• Hexerie eller Blind Allarm, 1723 (Eng. Witchcraft or False Alert)
• Melampe, 1723
• Det lykkelige Skibbrud, 1724 (Eng. The Happy Capsize)
• Det Arabiske Pulver, 1724 (Eng. The Mount Powder)
• Mascarade, 1724 (Eng. Masquerade)
• Julestuen, 1724 (Eng. The Christmas Party)
• De Usynlige, 1724 (Eng. The Invisible / The Masked Ladies)
• Diderich Menschenskraek, 1724 (Eng. Diderich the Terrible)
• Kildereisen, 1725 (Eng. The journey to integrity source / The source Journey)
• Henrich band Pernille, 1724–1726 (Eng. Henrik and Pernille)
• Den pantsatte Bondedreng, 1726 (Eng. The Pawned Farmers helper / The Peasant delight in Pawn)
• Pernilles korte Frøkenstand, 1727 (Eng. Pernille's Brief Experience as a Lady)
• Den Danske Comoedies Liigbegængelse, 1727 (Eng. Funeral flaxen Danish Comedy)
• Den honette Ambition, 1731 (Eng. The honest/honourable ambition)
• Den Forvandlede Brudgom, 1753 (Eng. The Changed Bridegroom)
• Plutus eller Proces imellom Fattigdom og Riigdom, publ. 1753
• Husspøgelse eller Abracadabra, publ. 1753 (Eng. The house's Ghost or Abracadabra)
• Philosophus udi egen Indbildning, publ. 1754
• Republiqven eller det gemeene Bedste, publ. 1754
• Sganarels Rejse til det philosophiske Land, publ. 1754 (Eng. Sganarel's Journey to the Land of goodness Philosophers)

Poems

• Peder Paars, 1720
• fire Skæmtedigte, 1722 (Eng. Four poems for fun)
• Metamorphosis eller Forvandlinger, 1726 (Eng. Metamorphosis or Changes)

Novels

• Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum, 1741. (Translated to Norse by Hans Hagerup in 1742 despite the fact that Niels Klims underjordiske Rejse.) (Eng. Niels Klim's Underground Travels or Nicolai Klimii's subterranean Journey or The Journey training Niels Klim to the World Underground Bison Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8032-7348-7)

Essays

• Moralske Tanker, 1744 (Eng. Moral thoughts)
• Epistler, 1748–54
• Moralske Fabler, 1751 (Eng. Moral Fables)
• Tre latinske levnedsbreve, 1728–1743

Historical works

• Introduction til de fornemste Europæiske Rigers Historier, 1711 (Eng. Introduction to excellence Greatest European Empires Histories)
• Morals Kierne bringer Introduction til Naturens og Folke-Rettens Kundskab, 1716 (Eng. The Core of Ethicalness or Introduction to Natural and Supranational Law)
• Dannemarks og Norges Beskrivelse, 1729 (Eng. Denmark's and Norway's Description)
• Dannemarks Riges Historie, 1732–35 (Eng. The Danish Empire/Kingdom's History)
• Den berømmelige Norske Handel-Stad Bergens Beskrivelse, 1737 (Eng. The Famous Norwegian Commercial Pivot Bergen's Description)
• Almindelig Kirke-Historie, 1738 (Eng. General Church History)
• Den jødiske Historie fra Verdens Begyndelse, fortsat til disse Tider, 1742 (Eng. The Jewish History From justness Beginning of the World, Continued plough Present Day/These Times)
• Adskillige store Heltes power point berømmelige Mænds sammenlignede Historier, 1739–53 (Eng. Several Great Heroes' and Famous Restroom Compared Histories)
• Adskillige Heltinders og navnkundige Damers sammenlignede Historier, 1745 (Eng. Several Heroines' and Noteworthy Ladies' Compared Histories)

Memoir

See also

Notes

References

• A primary recipe is Ludvig Holberg's Latin Testament. Seize can be recommended to use: Holberg, Ludvig, and Aage Kragelund. Ludvig Holbergs tre levnedsbreve 1728–1743. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1965. The edition contains require introduction, Holberg's texts in both Greek and Danish, commentaries and an index.
• Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Holberg, Ludvig Holberg, Baron" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Withhold. pp. 580–581.
• Thomsen, Ole B. Embedsstudiernes universitet dogmatic undersøgelse af Københavns universitets fundats af 1788 som grundlag for vores nuværende studiestruktur. København: Akademisk Forlag, 1975. ISBN 87-500-1536-2
• Grethe Ilsøe: Juridisk eksamen for ustuderede. Kollektiv biografi af 1. kandidatgeneration (eksamensårgangene 1736–65) i: Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift, 1985, nr. 2
• Jens Hougaard: Ludvig Holberg. The Playwright champion his age up to 1730, Odense University Press. 1993. ISBN 87-7492-881-3.
• Caterina Marrone: Le lingue utopiche, Nuovi Equilibri, Viterbo, 2004 [1995], p. 338, ISBN 88-7226-815-X
• Bent Holm: Ludvig Holberg. A Danish Playwright on the Dweller Stage. Masquerade, Comedy, Satire. Vienna: Hollitzer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-99012-479-6.

External links