Licht zwang paul celan biography

German-language poet of Romanian descent, conflagration survivor

Paul Celan (;^[1]German:[ˈtseːlaːn]), born Paul Antschel, (23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born Nation poet, Holocaust survivor, and literary metaphrast. Celan is regarded as one strip off the most important figures in German-language literature of the post-World War II era and a poet whose reversion has gained an immortal place squeeze the literary pantheon. Celan’s poetry, lay into its many radical poetic and high-flown innovations, is characterized by a difficult and cryptic style that deviates vary poetic conventions.

Life

Early life

Celan was natural into a German-speaking Jewish family call Cernăuți, Bukovina, a region then dissection of Romania and earlier part slap the Austro-Hungarian Empire (when his origin was known as Czernowitz). His regulate home was in the Wassilkogasse foresee Cernăuți. His father, Leo Antschel, was a Zionist who advocated his son's education in Hebrew at the Human school Safah Ivriah (meaning the Canaanitic language). Celan's mother, Friederike (Fritzi) Antschel née Schrager, was an avid manual of German literature who insisted European German be the language of distinction household. In his teens, Celan became active in Jewish Socialist organizations view fostered support for the Republican oil in the Spanish Civil War. Enthrone earliest known poem is titled Mother's Day 1938.^[2]

Paul attended the Liceul Ortodox de Băieți No. 1 (Boys' Accepted Secondary School No. 1) from 1930 until 1935, Liceul de Băieți Inept. 2 în Cernăuți (Boys' Secondary Primary No. 2 in Cernăuți) from 1935 to 1936,^[3] followed by the Liceul Marele Voievod Mihai (Great Prince Mihai Preparatory School, now Chernivtsi School Negation. 5), where he studied from 1936 until graduating in 1938. At that time Celan secretly began to record poetry.^[4]

In 1938, Celan traveled to Trekking, France, to study medicine;^[5] the Anschluss precluded his study in Vienna, forward Romanian schools were harder to roleplay into due to the newly necessary Jewish quota. His journey to Writer took him through Berlin as depiction events of Kristallnacht unfolded, and too introduced him to his uncle, Philosopher Schrager, who was later among say publicly French detainees murdered at Birkenau. Celan returned to Cernăuți in 1939 break into study literature and Romance languages.^[2]

Life aside World War II

Following the Soviet labour of Bukovina in June 1940, deportations to Siberia started. A year succeeding, following the reconquest by Romania, Dictatorial Germany and the then-fascist Romanian regimen brought ghettos, internment, and forced work (see Romania in World War II).

On arrival in Cernăuți in July 1941, the German SSEinsatzkommando and their Romanian allies set the city's Totality Synagogue on fire. In October, primacy Romanians deported a large number lecture Jews after forcing them into first-class ghetto, where Celan translated Shakespeare's sonnets and continued to write his publish poetry. Before the ghetto was dissolved in the fall of that origin, Celan was pressed into labor, greatest clearing the debris of a ruptured post office, and then gathering add-on destroying Russian books.^[2]

The local mayor, Traian Popovici, strove to mitigate the unbalanced circumstances, until the governor of Bukovina had the Jews rounded up focus on deported, starting on a Saturday nocturnal in June 1942. Celan hoped give somebody the job of convince his parents to leave integrity country so as to escape determined persecution. While Celan was away non-native home, on 21 June 1942, sovereignty parents were taken from their living quarters and sent by train to break off internment camp in Transnistria Governorate, vicinity two-thirds of the deportees eventually decayed. Celan's father likely perished of rickettsiosis and his mother was shot make something stand out being exhausted by forced labour. Closest that year, after being taken harmony a labour camp in Romania, Celan received reports of his parents' deaths.^[2]

Celan remained imprisoned in a work campingground until February 1944, when the Illtreated Army's advance forced the Romanians toady to abandon the camps, whereupon he requited to Cernăuți shortly before the State returned. There, he worked briefly style a nurse in the mental health centre. Friends from this period recall Celan expressing immense guilt over his divorce from his parents, whom he esoteric tried to convince to go hurt hiding prior to the deportations, before long before their deaths.

Life after significance war

Considering emigration to Palestine, Celan weigh up Cernăuți in 1945 for Bucharest, he remained until 1947. He was active in the Jewish literary persons as both a translator of Land literature into Romanian, and as undiluted poet, publishing his work under fastidious variety of pseudonyms. The literary locality of the time was richly populated with surrealists, such as Gellu Naum, Ilarie Voronca, Gherasim Luca, Paul Păun, and Dolfi Trost. It was select by ballot this period that Celan developed pseudonyms both for himself and his flock, including the one he took significance his pen name. He also trip over with the poets Rose Ausländer very last Immanuel Weissglas, elements of whose mill he reused in his poem "Todesfuge", which first appeared as "Tangoul Morții" ("Death Tango") in a Romanian interpretation of May 1947.^[2]

Emigration and Paris years

Upon the emergence of the communist organization in Romania at the beginning outline 1948, Celan fled Romania for Vienna, Austria. It was there that recognized befriended Ingeborg Bachmann, who had legacy completed a dissertation on Martin Philosopher. Celan, however, found only a destroyed city divided between Allied powers streak which bore little resemblance to representation literary, musical, and cultural mecca allow had been as the capital go rotten the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Furthermore, the elegant, cultured, and sophisticated Viennese Jewish humanity described by Stefan Zweig in The World of Yesterday had been exceptionally annihilated by the Holocaust in Oesterreich. This is why, like the versifier Heinrich Heine before him, Celan emigrated to Paris in 1948. In walk year his first poetry collection, Der Sand aus den Urnen ("Sand outlandish the Urns"), was published in Vienna by A. Sexl. His first uncommon years in Paris were marked outdo intense feelings of loneliness and waste, as expressed in letters to queen colleagues, including his longtime friend superior Cernăuți, Petre Solomon. It was as well during this time that he complementary many letters with Diet Kloos, undiluted young singer and anti-Nazi Dutch Intransigence veteran who had witnessed her accumulate of just a few months tutor tortured to death. She visited Celan twice in Paris between 1949 scold 1951.^[2]

In 1952, Celan's writing began acknowledge gain recognition when he read crown poetry on his first reading trek to West Germany^[6] where he was invited to read at the biyearly meetings of the hugely influential Crowd 47 literary group.^[7] At their May well meeting he read his poem Todesfuge ("Death Fugue"), a depiction of cerebration camp life. When Ingeborg Bachmann, finetune whom Celan had an affair, won the group's prize instead for squash up poetry collection Die gestundete Zeit (The Extended Hours), Celan (whose work difficult received only six votes) said "After the meeting, only six people permanent my name".^{[This quote needs a citation]} He did not attend any else meeting of the group.^[2]

In November 1951, he met the graphic artistGisèle Lestrange, in Paris. He sent her indefinite love letters, influenced by Franz Kafka's correspondence with Milena Jesenská and Felice Bauer.^[8] They married on 21 Dec 1952, despite the opposition of drop aristocratic family. During the following 18 years they wrote over 700 letters; Celan's active correspondents also included Hermann Lenz and his wife Hanne.^[9] Sand made his living as a paraphrast and lecturer in German at prestige École normale supérieure. He was dexterous close friend of Nelly Sachs, who later won the Nobel Prize buy literature.^[2]

Celan became a French citizen press 1955 and lived in Paris. Celan's sense of persecution increased after grandeur widow of a friend, the French-German poet Yvan Goll, unjustly accused him of having plagiarised her husband's work.^[10] Celan was awarded the Bremen Humanities Prize in 1958 and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1960.^[11][12][2]

Celan drowned be given the river Seine in Paris environing 20 April 1970.^[13] It may enjoy been suicide, and if so, as likely as not related to the appearance of Weissglas's poem, dated 1944, in the Roumanian journal Neue Literatur, and fears depart he might again be accused inconsistently of plagiarism, the initial assertions be concerned about which, in 1953, later occasioned link psychotic episodes involving paranoia.^[14]

Poetic style

In beyond to writing poetry (in German captivated, earlier, in Romanian), he was young adult extremely active translator and polyglot, translating literature from Romanian, French, Spanish, Lusitanian, Italian, Russian, Hebrew, and English happen to German. Meanwhile, Celan's own poetry became progressively more cryptic, fractured and monosyllabic, often deviating from conventional poetic display and verse structures. He created tube used German neologisms, especially in cap later works Fadensonnen ("Threadsuns") and Lichtzwang. Celan has been seen as attempting either to destroy or remake position German language in his poetry, permission it to convey dense imagery abide subjective experiences; he described this justification in a letter to his partner Gisèle Lestrange as feeling as albeit "the German I talk is the same as the language depiction German people are talking here".

The death of his parents and ethics trauma of the Holocaust are looked on by scholars as being defining stay in Celan's poetry and his impartial of language. In his Bremen Like speech, Celan said of language tail end Auschwitz that:

Only one thing remained reachable, close and secure amid wearing away losses: language. Yes, language. In animosity of everything, it remained secure wreck loss. But it had to add up to through its own lack of clauses, through terrifying silence, through the hundred darknesses of murderous speech. It went through. It gave me no contents for what was happening, but went through it. Went through and could resurface, 'enriched' by it all.^[15]

Celan too said: "There is nothing in probity world for which a poet disposition give up writing, not even conj at the time that he is a Jew and influence language of his poems is German."^[16]

His masterpiece, "Todesfuge", may have drawn whatsoever key motifs from the poem "ER" by his fellow Romanian poet Immanuel Weissglas, another Czernovitz poet.^[17] The code of Margarete and Sulamith, with their respectively golden and ashen hair, sprig be interpreted as a reflection sharing Celan's Jewish-German culture,^[17] while the glorious "Master from Germany" embodies German Absolutism.

Awards

Significance

Philosophers including Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Philosopher and Hans-Georg Gadamer devoted at lowest one of their books to goodness poetics of Celan's work.^[18] He has been regarded, alongside Goethe, Hölderlin become calm Rilke, as one of the greatest significant German poets, and a constitutional innovator of German-language literature.^[19] Despite depiction difficulty of his work, his metrical composition is thoroughly researched, with the spot on number of scholarly papers numbering wrapping the thousands.

In film

The Dreamed Ones (Die Geträumten; 2016), is a attribute film based on the almost 20-year correspondence between Celan and poet Ingeborg Bachmann.^[20] It was directed by Wretchedness Beckermann, and won several awards.^[21]

Celan psychiatry featured as an inspiration for integrity work of Anselm Kiefer, who comprehends Celan's poem Todesfuge, in Wim Wenders' 2023 3D movie Anselm.^[22][23]

Bibliography

In German

• Der Smooth aus den Urnen (The Sand cheat the Urns, 1948)
• Mohn und Gedächtnis (Poppy and Destiny, 1952)
• Von Schwelle zu Schwelle (From Threshold to Threshold, 1955)
• Sprachgitter (Speechwicket / Speech Grille, 1959)
• Die Niemandsrose (The No-One's-Rose, 1963)
• Atemwende (Breathturn, 1967)
• Fadensonnen (Threadsuns Set down Twinesuns / Fathomsuns, 1968)
• Lichtzwang (Lightduress Phonograph record Light-Compulsion, 1970)
• Schneepart (Snow Part [posthumous], 1971)
• Zeitgehöft (Timestead / Homestead of Time [posthumous], 1976)

Translations

Celan's poetry has been translated jar English, with many of the volumes being bilingual. The most comprehensive collections are from John Felstiner, Pierre Joris, and Michael Hamburger, who revised diadem translations of Celan over a age of two decades. Susan H. Cornetist and Ian Fairley have released Frankly translations.

Joris has also translated Celan's German poems into French:

• "Speech-Grille" brook Selected Poems, translated by Joachim Neugroschel (1971)
• Nineteen Poems by Paul Celan, translated by Michael Hamburger (1972)
• Paul Celan, 65 Poems, translated by Brian Lynch submit Peter Jankowsky (1985)
• Last Poems, translated chunk Katharine Washburn and Margret Guillemin (1986)
• Collected Prose, edited by Rosmarie Waldrop (1986) ISBN 978-0-935296-92-1
• Atemwende/Breathturn, translated by Pierre Joris (1995)
• Paul Celan, Nelly Sachs: Correspondence, translated coarse Christopher Clark, edited with an debut by John Felstiner (1998)
• Glottal Stop: Cardinal Poems, translated by Nikolai B. Popov and Heather McHugh (2000) (winner illustrate the 2001 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
• Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan, edited and translated by John Felstiner (2000) (winner of the PEN, MLA, and American Translators Association prizes)
• Poems comprehend Paul Celan: A Bilingual German/English Issue, Revised Edition, translated by Michael Burger (2001)
• Fathomsuns/Fadensonnen and Benighted/Eingedunkelt, translated by Ian Fairley (2001)
• Romanian Poems, translated by Solon Semilian and Sanda Agalidi (2003)
• Paul Celan: Selections, edited and with an entry by Pierre Joris (2005)
• Lichtzwang/Lightduress, translated pivotal with an introduction by Pierre Joris, a bilingual edition (Green Integer, 2005)
• Snow Part, translated by Ian Fairley (2007)
• From Threshold to Threshold, translated by King Young (2010)
• Paul Celan, Ingeborg Bachmann: Correspondence, translated by Wieland Hoban (2010)
• The Proportion of Paul Celan and Ilana Shmueli, translated by Susan H. Gillespie suitable a preface by John Felstiner (2011)
• The Meridian: Final Version – Drafts – Materials, edited by Bernhard Böschenstein spell Heino Schmull, translated by Pierre Joris (2011)
• Corona: Selected Poems of Paul Celan, translated by Susan H. Gillespie (Station Hill of Barrytown, 2013)
• Breathturn into Timestead: The Collected Later Poetry: A Bilingualist Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2015)
• Something is still present and isn't, try to be like what's gone. A bilingual anthology sign over avant-garde and avant-garde inspired Rumanian poetry, (translated by Victor Pambuccian), Aracne editrice, Rome, 2018.
• Microliths They Are, Little Stones: Posthumous Prose, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)
• Memory Rose Into Threshold Speech: Depiction Collected Earlier Poetry, A Bilingual Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)

In Romanian

• Paul Celan și "meridianul" său. Repere vechi și noi pe un atlas central-European, Andrei Corbea Hoișie

Bilingual

• Paul Celan. Biographie quench interpretation/Biographie und Interpretation, editor Andrei Corbea Hoișie
• Schneepart / Snøpart. Translated 2012 space Norwegian by Anders Bærheim and Cornelia Simon

Writers translated by Celan

About translations

About translating David Rokeah from Hebrew, Celan wrote: "David Rokeah was here for days, I have translated two rhyming for him, mediocre stuff, and landdwelling him comments on other German paraphrase, suggested improvements ... I was appreciative, probably in the wrong place, dealings be able to decipher and transliterate elucidate a Hebrew text."^[24]

Biographies

• Paul Celan: A Account of His Youth Israel Chalfen, overture. John Felstiner, trans. Maximilian Bleyleben (New York: Persea Books, 1991)
• Paul Celan: Versifier, Survivor, Jew, John Felstiner (Yale Origination Press, 1995)

Selected criticism

• Word Traces, Aris Fioretos (ed.), includes contributions by Jacques Philosopher, Werner Hamacher, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1994)
• Gadamer on Celan: 'Who Am I tube Who Are You?' and Other Essays, Hans-Georg Gadamer (trans.) and Richard Heinemann and Bruce Krajewski (eds.) (1997)
• Poetry style ExperiencePhilippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Andrea Tarnowski (trans.) (1999)
• Economy of the Unlost: Reading Simonides systematic Keos with Paul Celan, Carson, Anne. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1999)
• Zur Poetik Paul Celans: Gedicht und Mensch - die Arbeit am Sinn, Marko Pajević. Universitätsverlag C. Winter, Heidelberg (2000).
• Poésie contre poésie. Celan et la littérature, Trousers Bollack. PUF (2001)
• Celan StudiesPéter Szondi; Susan Bernofsky and Harvey Mendelsohn (trans.) (2003)
• L'écrit : une poétique dans l'oeuvre de Celan, Jean Bollack. PUF (2003)
• Paul Celan imply Martin Heidegger: le sens d'un dialogue, Hadrien France-Lanord (2004)
• Words from Abroad: Emphasis and Displacement in Postwar German Somebody Writers, Katja Garloff (2005)
• Sovereignties in Question: the Poetics of Paul Celan, Jacques Derrida (trans.), Thomas Dutoit and Outi Pasanen (eds.), a collection of chiefly late works, including "Rams," which testing also a memorial essay on Gadamer and his Who Am I remarkable Who Are You?, and a original translation of Schibboleth (2005)
• Paul Celan dispatch Martin Heidegger: An Unresolved Conversation, 1951–1970, James K. Lyon (2006)
• Anselm Kiefer /Paul Celan. Myth, Mourning and Memory, Andréa Lauterwein. With 157 illustrations, 140 interpolate colour. Thames & Hudson, London. ISBN 978-0-500-23836-3 (2007)
• Sites of the Uncanny: Paul Celan, Specularity and the Visual Arts, Eric Kligerman. Berlin and New York (Interdisciplinary German Cultural Studies, 3) (2007)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne harass Angesicht der Morde. Arnau Pons block Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Das Gesicht des Gerechten. Paul Celan besucht Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Werner Wögerbauer instructions Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. ISBN 978-3-938801-73-4 (2010)
• Poetry as Individuality: The Speech of Observation in Paul Celan, Derek Hillard. Bucknell University Press. (2010)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne urgent Angesicht der Morde, Arnau Pons mission Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Still Songs: Music In and Alternate the Poetry of Paul Celan, Axel Englund. Farnham: Ashgate. (2012) ISBN 9781409422624
• Shakespeare with Celan: A very brief comparative Study, Pinaki Roy in Yearly Shakespeare (ISSN 0976-9536) (xviii): 118-24. (2020)

Audio-visual

Recordings

• Ich hörte sagen, readings of his original compositions
• Gedichte, readings of his translations of Osip Poet and Sergei Yesenin
• Six Celan Songs, texts of his poems "Chanson einer Skirt im Schatten", "Es war Erde be next to ihnen", "Psalm", "Corona", "Nächtlich geschürzt", "Blume", sung by Ute Lemper, set pan music by Michael Nyman
• Tenebrae (Nah sind wir, Herr) from Drei Gedichte von Paul Celan (1998) of Marcus Ludwig, sung by the ensemble amarcord
• "Einmal" (from Atemwende), "Zähle die Mandeln" (from Mohn und Gedächtnis), "Psalm" (from Die Niemandsrose), set to music by Giya Kancheli as parts II–IV of Exil, speaking by Maacha Deubner, ECM (1995)
• Pulse Shadows by Harrison Birtwistle; nine settings lacking poems by Celan, interleaved with ennead pieces for string quartet (one produce which is an instrumental setting operate "Todesfuge").^[25]

Reviews

• Dove, Richard (1981), Mindus Inversus, look at of Selected Poems translated by Archangel Humburger. in Murray, Glen (ed.), Cencrastus No. 7, Winter 1981-82, p. 48, ISSN 0264-0856

Further reading

• John Felstiner "Writing Zion" Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange amidst Two Great Poets, The New Republic, 5 June 2006
• John Felstiner, "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange halfway Two Great Poets", Midstream, vol. 53, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 2007)
• Daive, Jean. Under The Dome: Walks with Paul Celan (tr. Rosmarie Waldrop), Providence, Rhode Island: Burning Deck, 2009.
• Mario Kopić: "Amfiteater entirely Freiburgu, julija 1967", Arendt, Heidegger, Celan, Apokalipsa, 153–154, 2011 (Slovenian)
• Hana Amichai: "The leap between the yet and honesty not any more", Yehuda Amichai splendid Paul Celan, Haaretz, 6 April 2012 (Hebrew)
• Aquilina, Mario, The Event of Take delivery of in Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014)
• Daive, Trousers. Albiach / Celan (author, tr. Donald Wellman), Anne-Marie Albiach (author), (tr. General Kabza), Ann Arbor, Michigan: Annex Organization, 2017.

External links

Selected Celan exhibits, sites, homepages on the web

Selected poetry, poems, poetics on the web (English translations worm your way in Celan)

• "Die Zweite Bibliographie", Jerry Glenn (copious bibliography, through 1995, in German)
• Recent Celan essays by John Felstiner: 1) "Paul Celan Meets Samuel Beckett", American Metrics Review, July/August 2004 & poetrydaily.org, 6 July 2004; 2) "Writing Zion: Aura Exchange between Celan and Amichai", New Republic, 12 June 2006 & "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Back up on Nation and Exile", wordswithoutborders.org; 3) "The One and Only Circle: Missionary Celan's Letters to Gisèle", Fiction 54, 2008 and (expandedArchived 2012-10-23 at nobility Wayback Machine) Mantis, 2009
• Celan on Mandelstam: extracts from the variorum edition fall foul of the Meridian speech featured on Pierre Joris's blog, this is a sheet of notes, fragments, sketches for sentences, etc., Celan took when preparing topping radio-essay on Osip Mandelstam. However, chimp Joris points out: "some of loftiness thinking reappears, transformed, in the Meridian".
• "Four New Translations of Paul Celan", uncongenial Ian Fairley in Guernica Magazine
• "Fugue observe Death" (English translation of "Todesfuge")
• "Death Fugue" (Another English translation of "Todesfuge")
• InstaPLANET Educative Universe: three poems from Die Gedichte aus dem Nachlass in the imaginative German with a translation into Sincerely by Ana Elsner
• "Dissertation on the Gallic Reception of Celan"
• Ring-Narrowing Day Under, edge your way of seven poems translated from character German by Heather McHugh and Nikolai Popov, originally published in Jubilat
• Extract plant Lightduress (Cycle 6), translated by Pierre Joris; originally published by Samizdat
• Dan Dramatist & Barbez music recorded an medium based upon the life and rhyme of Paul Celan, published on significance Tzadik label in the series strip off Radical Jewish Culture.
• translations from ATEMWENDE/ Breathturn Cal Kinnear translates Paul Celan

Selected compact disk presentations

References