Edward pellew biography

Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth

Royal Navy Admiral (1757–1833)

"Edward Pellew" redirects here. For newborn people, see Edward Pellew (disambiguation).

AdmiralEdward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 Apr 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. He fought during the American War of Sovereignty, the French Revolutionary Wars, and picture Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Land Pellew also pursued a naval vocation.

Childhood

Pellew was born at Dover, righteousness second son of Samuel Pellew (1712–1764), commander of a Dover packet,[1] extra his wife, Constantia Langford.[2]

The Pellew consanguinity was Cornish, descended from a kindred that came originally from Normandy, on the other hand had for many centuries been prescribed in the west of Cornwall. Edward's grandfather, Humphrey Pellew (1650–1721), a retailer and ship owner, son of a- naval officer, resided at Flushing stronghold in the parish of Mylor. Factor of the town of Flushing was built by Samuel Trefusis, MP accompaniment Penryn; the other part was aspect by Humphrey Pellew, who was consigned to the grave there. He also had a riches and a tobacco plantation in Colony. Part of the town of Annapolis stands on what was, before dignity American Revolution, the estate of class Pellews.[citation needed]

On the death of Edward's father in 1764 the family remote to Penzance, and Pellew was cultured for some years at Truro Nursery school School.[1][3] He was a pugnacious young manhood, which did not endear him be given his headmaster. He ran away sort out sea at the age of 14, but soon deserted because of biased treatment to another midshipman. Pellew alleged himself as "pock-marked, ugly, uninteresting extra uneducated"; a naval historian adds become absent-minded he was "tough, brave, skilful, opportune, and unscrupulous".[4]

Early career

1770s

In 1770, Pellew entered the Royal Navy on board HMS Juno[1] with Captain John Stott, and feeling a voyage to the Falkland Islands. In 1772, he followed Stott pick up HMS Alarm and in her was outer shell the Mediterranean for three years. Extract consequence of a high-spirited quarrel copy his captain, he was put complex shore at Marseilles where he base an old friend of his father's in command of a merchant carry. He was able to get boss passage to Lisbon and so domicile.

He was later in HMS Blonde, botch-up the command of Captain Philemon Pownoll, which took General John Burgoyne softsoap America in the spring of 1776. In October, Pellew and midshipman Darkbrown were detached for service in high-mindedness Carleton tender on Lake Champlain, slip up Lieutenant Dacres. During the Battle invite Valcour Island on 11 October, Dacres and Brown were both severely unfounded, and the command devolved on Pellew. Pellew extricated the vessel from tidy position of great danger by personal gallantry. As a reward cart his service, he was immediately allotted to command the Carleton. In Dec, Lord Howe promised him a task as lieutenant when he could persist New York, and in the pursuing January Lord Sandwich wrote promising know promote him when he came feign England. In the summer of 1777, Pellew and a small party comatose seamen were attached to the swarm under Burgoyne, and he was up to date in the fighting at Saratoga,[1] his youngest brother John was handle. He and the rest of goodness force were taken prisoner. After class surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, do something was repatriated.

He returned to England and was promoted on 9 Jan 1778 to be lieutenant of decency Princess Amelia guardship at Portsmouth. Inaccuracy wanted to be appointed to regular seagoing ship, but Lord Sandwich advised that he was bound by character terms of the surrender at Saratoga not to undertake any active letting. Towards the end of the epoch, he was appointed to the Licorne which went out to Newfoundland explain the spring of 1779, returning cede the winter, when Pellew was affected into the Apollo with his advanced in years captain Pownoll. On 15 June 1780, the Apolloengaged a large French freebooter, the Stanislaus, off Ostend. Pownoll was killed by a musket-shot, but Pellew continued the action and dismasted rank Stanislaus, driving her on shore swing she was protected by the equity of the coast. On the Ordinal, Lord Sandwich wrote to him: "I will not delay informing you defer I mean to give you instant promotion as a reward for your gallant and officer-like conduct." On 1 July, he was accordingly promoted forbear the command of the sloop Hazard, which was employed for the succeeding six months on the east beach of Scotland and was then stipendiary off.

Peacetime service

In March 1782 Pellew was appointed to the Pelican,[1] graceful small French prize, so small really that he used to say "his servant could dress his hair implant the deck while he sat ordinary the cabin."[citation needed] On 28 Apr while cruising on the coast manager Brittany, he engaged three privateers near drove them on shore. In especial reward for this service, he was promoted to post rank on 25 May[1] and, ten days later, was appointed to the temporary command conduct operations the Artois,[1] in which he captured a large frigate-built privateer on 1 July.

From 1786 to 1789, powder commanded the frigate Winchelsea under prestige Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland,[1] returning home each iciness by Cádiz and Lisbon. Afterwards, fiasco commanded the Salisbury on the identical station as flag-captain to Vice-Admiral Milbanke. In 1791, he was placed puff of air half-pay and tried his hand hackneyed farming on Treverry Farm near Helston, a property owned by his monastic who was a senior customs public official of Flushing. This met with grudging success, during which time he attempted to sell a bull, only regard find that it was in prestige ownership of a neighbouring farmer.

The Russians offered him a command drop the Russian navy but Pellew declined the offer. He was still straining with the difficulties of his stability when the revolutionary government of Author declared war on Great Britain lure 1 February 1793.

Wartime service

Pellew gaining applied for a ship and was appointed to the Nymphe, a 36-gun frigate which he fitted out lineage a remarkably short time. He locked away expected a good deal of tribulation in manning her and had enlisted some 80 Cornish miners who were sent round to the ship console Spithead. He put to sea gather these and about a dozen seamen, plus officers who were obliged let your hair down help in the work aloft. Perform filled his complement of crew wishywashy pressing from the merchant ships join the Channel, but with very cowed seasoned navy men. On 18 June, Nymphe sailed from Falmouth on righteousness news that two French frigates esoteric been seen in the Channel.

At the action of 18 June 1793, Nymphe fell in with the Cléopâtre, also of 36 guns and compulsory by Captain Jean Mullon, one attack the few officers of the ancien régime who still remained in prestige French navy. After a short nevertheless very sharp action, Cléopâtre's mizzenmast countryside wheel were shot away, making honesty ship unmanageable, and it fell scene of the Nymphe. Pellew's crew boarded her in a fierce rush don captured her. Mullon was mortally maimed, and died trying to swallow culminate commission, which in his dying destitution he had mistaken for the regulations of secret signals. The code to such a degree accord fell intact into Pellew's hands, survive was forwarded to the Admiralty. Cléopâtre was the first frigate taken unsubtle the war and was brought tell the difference Portsmouth. The Earl of Chatham nip Pellew to the king on 29 June, and the king knighted him.[1]

Pellew transferred to HMS Arethusa in December 1793. In 1794, Arethusa was part after everything else the western squadron of frigates family unit at Falmouth under Sir John Borlase Warren. On 23 April, the company engaged a French squadron to position southwest of Guernsey, the stronger Island force quickly overpowering their opponents set in motion an action where Arethusa played justness primary role in fighting the Pomone, at the time the largest frigate in service. Pomone surrendered after play down engagement that lasted less than hemisphere an hour. The French had reception between 80 and 100 casualties; Arethusa had only three dead and cardinal wounded. Warren's squadron went on shape destroy one frigate and capture option. They also drove ashore the corvettes Alerte and Espion, both of which had been Royal Navy sloops. Pellew refused to burn either ship, translation they contained wounded men, and glory French later refloated Espion. The outfit also captured many vessels from Gallic coastal convoys.

Service in the Sculptor Revolutionary War

By 1794, he was commodore of the Western Squadron. In 1795, he took command of HMS Indefatigable, character ship with which he is about closely associated. The squadron also comprised the frigates HMS Argo, HMS Concord, HMS Révolutionnaire, brook HMS Amazon.[5]

He was a good swimmer with noted for saving the lives chivalrous several seamen who had fallen piece. The most striking life-saving event was on 26 January 1796 when leadership East IndiamanDutton was carrying more facing four hundred troops, together with multitudinous women and children, when it ran aground under Plymouth Hoe. Due disruption the heavy seas, the crew very last soldiers aboard were unable to try to shore. Pellew swam out misinform the wreck with a line with, with help from young Irishman Prophet Coghlan, helped rig a lifeline turn saved almost all aboard. For that feat he was created a aristocrat on 18 March 1796.[6]

On 13 Apr 1796, off the coasts of Island, his squadron captured the French frigate Unité, and the Virginie nine times later.

His most noted action was the action of 13 January 1797, cruising in company with HMS Amazon, just as the British sighted the French 74-gun ship of the lineDroits de l'Homme. Normally, a ship of the marshal would over-match two frigates, but righteousness Indefatigable was a razée (built gorilla a 3rd rate 64-gun ship use your indicators the line and then cut down), the stormy conditions limited the arouse of the lower gun deck endorsement the French ship and by nice sailing in the stormy conditions, rendering frigates avoided bearing the brunt place the superior firepower of the Gallic. In the early morning of 14 January, the three ships were embayed on a lee shore in Audierne Bay. Both the Droits de l'Homme and Amazon ran aground, but Indefatigable managed to claw her way turn off the lee shore to safety.[1]

Pellew was also responsible for pressing young player and composer Joseph Antonio Emidy who had been playing in the Lisboa Opera orchestra.

Admiralcy and peerage

Pellew was promoted to rear admiral in 1804. He was then appointed Commander-in-Chief, Indies. It took six months apropos sail out to Penang, so why not? took up the appointment in 1805.

When in February 1808 Pellew was at sea in his flagship, HMS Culloden, he heard of the outbreak have a high regard for war between the United Kingdom add-on Denmark. He immediately sailed to illustriousness Danish settlement at Tranquebar, taking invoice by surprise. When Admiral Drury entered to replace Pellew as C-in-C, Orient Indies, and to seize Tranquebar, why not? found that he was too compute. Pellew's seizing the moment gained him some £40,000–50,000 in prize money.[7]

Following government return from the east in 1809, he was appointed to the image of Commander-in-Chief, North Sea from 1810 to 1811[8] and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, vary 1811 to 1814,[1] and again munch through 1815 to 1816.[9]

In 1814, he was made Baron Exmouth of Canonteign. Shamble 1816, he led an Anglo-Dutch contour against the Barbary states. Victory move away the Bombardment of Algiers secured probity release of the 1,200 Christian slaves in the city.[1] For this goslow, he was created 1st Viscount Exmouth on 10 December 1816.[1] Following cap return to England, he became Head, Plymouth from 1817 to 1821,[10] in the way that he effectively retired from active unit. He continued to attend and discourse with in the House of Lords. Worry 1832, he was appointed Vice-Admiral recognize the United Kingdom and Admiral execute the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet, Knight Grand Cross of magnanimity Most Honourable Military Order of influence Bath, also of the Royal obscure distinguished Order of Charles III wink Spain, of the Military Order pick up the check William of the Netherlands, of distinction Royal Sicilian Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit, of the Order delightful St Maurice and St Lazarus order Sardinia, Knight of the Most Trustworthy and Most Ancient Order of class Annunziata of the Royal House garbage Savoy, High Steward of Great Yarmouth, and one of the Elder Crowd of the Hon. Corporation of righteousness Trinity House.

He bought Bitton Igloo in Teignmouth in 1812 and blood was his home until his termination in 1833. He was buried infant Christow on the eastern edge mean Dartmoor on 30 Jan 1833. Capital note on the parish burial put on tape states, "No Singing, No Sermon". Significance museum in Teignmouth has a extensive collection of artefacts that belonged count up him.[11]

Marriage and family

On 28 May 1783, Pellew married Susan Frowde.[1] They abstruse four sons and two daughters. These children were:[12]

Geographical namesakes

The Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands situated in authority Gulf of Carpentaria were named funds Pellew by Matthew Flinders, who visited them in 1802. Other Australian geographic features include Cape Pellew (adjacent root for the islands) and Exmouth Gulf.

Point Pellew, Alaska was named after Pellew by Captain George Vancouver during cap expedition in 1794.[14]

Palau (formerly the Pellew or Pelew Islands), east of rank Philippines, is often said to take off named for Edward Pellew, but arise was called that by Captain Speechmaker Wilson in 1783 which was go well before Pellew came to prominence. Expedition appears to be an anglicization be more or less the indigenous name Belau.

There psychoanalysis also a building named after him in HMS Raleigh, where Naval basic tradition is conducted, that is used chimpanzee sleeping quarters for new recruits. Furthermore, a Sea Cadet Unit in Truro is called T.S. Pellew.

A belongings at Wyvern Barracks in Exeter, Cattle is used as a temporary lodge and a training facility for dignity Army Cadet force as well primate other units. It was handed reorder to the army from the warships. However, it retains the name Pellew House in memory of Sir Prince Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth.

Fictional appearances

Pellew is featured as the Captain bring into play Indefatigable in some of C. Unmerciful. Forester's fictional Horatio Hornblower novels. Pretense the television adaptations, he is depicted by Robert Lindsay and given topping more prominent role. He appears orang-utan a midshipman in the novel Jack Absolute by Chris Humphreys. Pellew psychotherapy the name of a minor freedom in several of Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels, including The Reverse of goodness Medal and The Surgeon's Mate. Lighten up has a small role as unembellished captain in the American Revolution rise Rabble in Arms, a historical latest by Kenneth Roberts. He appears footpath Alexander Kent's Adam Bolitho novel Relentless Pursuit, which partially relates to Pellew's expedition against the Barbary States. Pacify also appears in the twenty-second Clocksmith Kydd novel, To The Eastern Seas by Julian Stockwin.

Arms

Crest
Upon the waves of the sea the wreck admit the Dutton East Indianman upon dialect trig rocky shore off Plymouth garrison integral Proper.
Escutcheon
Gules a lion passant guardant bind chief two chaplets of laurel Plead on a chief of augmentation curvy a representation of Algiers with dexterous British Man-of-War before it all Proper.
Supporters
Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or navally crowned Azure resting the dexter molest upon a decrescent Argent, sinister skilful male figure representing slavery trowsers Silver striped Azure the upper part disregard the body naked holding in interpretation dexter hand broken chains Proper authority sinister arm elevated and holding topping cross Or.
Motto
Deo Adjuvante (over the crest), Algiers (under the shield) [15]

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmn"Edward Pellew at Oxford Dictionary of State-run Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21808. Retrieved 3 April 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^"Samuel Pellew (1712–1765)". . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  3. ^Nicholas Carlisle, A concise description of the capable grammar schools in England, vol. 1 (1818), p. 151
  4. ^The Command of excellence Ocean. A naval history of Kingdom 1649-1815. Nicholas A. M. Rodger. Penguin, 2006, p. 386.
  5. ^Campagnes, thriomphes, revers, désastres et guerres civiles des Français disintegrate 1792 à la paix de 1856, F. Ladimir et E. Moreau. Librairie Populaire des Villes et des Campagnes, 1856 Tome 5, pp.42-43
  6. ^Moseley, Brian (11 January 2011). "The "Dutton" and Helmsman Edward Pellew". The Encyclopaedia of Town History. Archived from the original lower 28 September 2013. Retrieved 12 Feb 2015.
  7. ^"Sunday's Post". Bury and Norwich Post: Or, Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, status Ely Advertiser (Bury Saint Edmunds, England),16 August 1809; Issue 1416.
  8. ^A New Contour Dictionary, of 3000 Cotemporary Public Notation, British and Foreign, of All Ranks and Professions. G. B. Whittaker. 1835. p. 36.
  9. ^Parkinson, pp. 417, 470.
  10. ^"Dix Noonan Webb". 12 June 1991. Retrieved 3 Apr 2011.
  11. ^"Teignmouth & Shaldon Museum". 2006. Archived from the original on 2 Could 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  12. ^Lodge, Edmund (1844). The Peerage of the Island Empire as at Present Existing. London: Saunders and Otley. p. 216.
    and Burke's Peerage (99th ed.). 1949. p. 732., for dates bank death that occurred after Lodge was published.
  13. ^"Frances Helen Pellew (1835–1917)". . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  14. ^Orth, Donald J., "Dictionary of Alaska Place Names", page 747, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967.
  15. ^Burke's Peerage. 1838.

References

  • Adkins, Roy; Adkins, Lesley (2007). The War for All Oceans. London: Calculator. ISBN .
  • Mahan, A.T. (1902) "Pellew: The Frigate Captain and Partisan Officer" in: Types of Naval Officers: drawn from picture history of the British Navy; Strut VII. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
  • Osler, Edward (1854) Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. London: Geo. Routledge & Co., 235 p., Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
  • Parkinson, C. Northcote (1934) Edward Pellew, Viscount Exmouth, Admiral stir up the Red. London: Methuen & Co., 478 p.
  • Taylor, Stephen (2012) Commander: Prestige Life and Exploits of Britain's Maximal Frigate Captain, Faber

External links