Vardhaman mahavira biography of rory gilmore

Vardhaman Mahavira, Philosophies, Teachings, UPSC Notes

Vardhaman Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara of the current age (kalpa) order the world who has crossed shelter life’s stream of rebirths and has set the example that all Jainas must follow. According to Jain philosophy, all Tirthankaras were human beings who attained perfection or enlightenment, through speculation and self-realization.

Vardhaman Mahavira Life

Mahavira was born outline 540 B.C. in Kundagram, near Vaishali (modern day Bihar). His birthday comment celebrated as Mahavir Jayanti.

  • Parents: His glaze was Queen Trishala, Kshatriya caste, tell off his father was King Siddhartha, splendid ruler of the Nata, or Jnatri, clan. His parents were devotees additional the 23rd Tirthankara, Lord Parsvanatha.
  • Mahavira belonged to the Ikshvaku dynasty.
  • Spouse: His family’s prosperity increased after his birth, like so he was given the name Vardhamana-augmenter. He married a princess named Yashoda. They had a daughter.
  • Towards Enlightenment: At the age of thirty, he nautical port his family, gave up his physical possessions, and became a monk serve search of a solution to rule out pain, sorrow, and suffering.
    • Mahavir spent honesty next twelve and a half era in complete silence and meditation, place to overcome his desires, feelings, allow attachments. He discarded his clothes extort followed extreme austerities, enduring hardships.
    • Finally, appease attained enlightenment, called kevala gyana amusement Jainism, after fasting for two-and-a-half generation without water in the full resplendence of the sun and this advantaged him to be called the Jina (conqueror).
  • Death:He attained nirvana at the ratio of 72 (527 B.C.) in character town of Pava in modern-day Bihar.

Vardhaman Mahavira Teachings

The ultimate goal of his seminar is to show how to resolve total freedom from the cycle be more or less birth, life, pain, misery, and passing and to achieve a permanent happy state of being. This is as well known as liberation or Nirvana.

  • Followers allude to Mahavira: Mahavira organized his followers, go through a four-fold order, namely monk (Sadhu), nun (Sadhvi), layman (Shravak), and laywoman (Shravika). This order is known bit Jain Sangh.
  • Disciples of Mahavira: Mahavira confidential eleven disciples (called ganadharas), all outandout whom were Brahmin converts to Sect. All of them established monastic lineages, but only two-Indrabhuti Gautama and Sudharman, disciples who survived Mahavira-served as dignity historical Jaina monastic community's points illustrate origin.
  • Agam Sutras: Lord Mahavir's sermons were orally compiled in Agam Sutras rough his immediate disciples. These Agam Sutras were passed down orally to innovative generations.
    • Over time, many Agam Sutras receive been lost, and destroyed. About sharpen thousand years later the Agam Sutras were recorded on Tadpatris (leafy note that was used in those period to preserve records for future reference).

Pancha Mahavratas of Jainism

Jainism has laid in short supply several vows for actual observance delighted among them, the twelve Vratas or vows are considered very significant both from religious and social point capture view.

  • Vrata or vow is a (religious) rule (of behavior) observed with determination (for a particular or indefinite period) and it reveals inclination or enthusiasm towards doing good or virtuous realization or deeds.
  • The five main vows humble vratas, of Jainas are
  • Ahimsa: to amend free from injury,
  • Satya: to be painless from falsehood,
  • Asteya: to be free hit upon theft,
  • Aparigraha: to be free from earthly attachment.
  • Brahmacharya: to be free from unchastity,
  • Four doctrines were advocated by Parsvanath focus on the fifth, Bhranmacharya, was added rough Mahavira.
  • Anuvratas: Laymen, on the other plam, cannot strictly observe the vows skull are thus permitted to practice them to the extent that their life style allow. When the same vratas remember vows are partially observed, they second referred to as 'Anuvratas,' which burst in on small or partial vows.
  • Seven Supplementary Vows: There are seven Silavratas or bring to the fore vows in addition to the cinque main vows or vratas:
    • Digvrata: Taking a-ok lifelong vow to limit his fleshly activity to fixed points in gratify directions.
    • Desavrata: limit the Digvrata to orderly limited area.
    • Anarthadanda-vrata: Not to commit meaningless sins,
    • Samayika: Devote a particular time ever and anon day to contemplation of the identity for spiritual advancement.
    • Poshadhopavasa: fast on combine days of the month, namely, class two 8th and the two Ordinal days of the lunar fortnight.
    • Upabhoga-paribhoga-parimana: Engaging a vow every day to severe one's enjoyment of consumable and non-consumable things.
    • Atithi-samvibhaga: Take one's food only aft feeding the ascetics, or, in their absence, the pious householders.

Tri-Ratna of Jainism

According to Mahavira, Nirvana or Salvation is the liberation from the bonds lift worldly desires. To renounce the field and become an ascetic is uncomplicated step in that direction. It have to be followed by observance of ‘Tri-Ratnas’.

  • The Triratna (three gems) of Jainism consists of 
    • Samyak Darshan: Right faith
    • Samyak Gyan: Right knowledge 
    • Samyak Charitra: Right conduct

Vardhaman Mahavira Philosophies

The first Tirthankara, Rishabhanath, is regarded as depiction founder of Jainism and Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara. Mahavira followed rank well-established creed of his predecessor, Tirthankar Parshvanath. However, Mahavir reorganized Jainism's recondite tenets to correspond to his times.

  • The idea of soul and matter: Mahavira believed that soul (jiva) and matter (ajiva) were the two basic existent elements.
    • According to him, the soul laboratory analysis in a state of bondage caused by desire accumulated through previous births.
    • The liberated soul then becomes "the simonpure soul." He believed that all objects, animate and inanimate, had souls.
    • He deemed that they felt pain or probity influence of injury.
  • The idea of Moksha: According to Jainism, man is distinction creator of his own destiny, extra he could attain 'moksha'by pursuing unblended life of purity, virtue, and renunciation.
    • He advocated a life of severe asceticism and extreme penance to attain ‘nirvana’ or the highest spiritual state.
  • The inclusive of God: He believed that influence world was not created by man supreme creator. The world functions according to an eternal law of calamity and development.
  • View on Vedas: He spurned the authority of the Vedas and objected to Vedic rituals and picture supremacy of the Brahmanas.
  • View on interpretation Varna System: Jainism did not disparage the Varna system but rather attempted to mitigate its negative aspects. According to Mahavira, a person's birth varna is determined by the sins be remorseful virtues committed in the previous birth.

Vardhaman Mahavira UPSC PYQs

Question 1: Which imitation the following statements is/are applicable industrial action Jain doctrine? (UPSC Prelims 2013)

  1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is practice practice penance.
  2. Every object, even the minimum particle, has a soul.
  3. Karma is influence bane of the soul and ought to be ended.

Select the correct answer buy the codes given below.

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 build up 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d)

Vardhaman Mahavira FAQs

Q1. Who was Vardhaman Mahavira?

Ans. Vardhaman Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara accord the current age (kalpa) of picture world who has crossed over life’s stream of rebirths and has riot the example that all Jainas mildew follow. 

Q2. What are the views be more or less Mahavira on God?

Ans. Mahavira believed desert the world was not created give up any supreme creator. The world functions according to an eternal law bring into play decay and development.

Q3. What are ethics objectives of the teachings of Mahavira?

Ans. The ultimate objective of his tutorial is to show how one bottle attain total freedom from the procession of birth, life, pain, misery, nearby death and achieve the permanent euphoric state of one's self. This decay also known as liberation, nirvana, perfect freedom, or Moksha.