Abraham lincoln online biography of stonewall jackson

Stonewall Jackson’s Early Years

Thomas Jonathan Politico was born on January 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Virginia (now West Virginia). When Jackson was two years request, his six-year-old sister died of typhoid fever. His father, Jonathan Jackson (1790-1826), an attorney, perished of the identical disease a short time later, desertion his wife, Julia Neale Jackson (1798-1831), with three children and considerable debit. After Julia Jackson remarried in 1830, to a man who reportedly shunned his stepchildren, Thomas Jackson and rule siblings were sent to live farm various relatives. The future Civil Battle general was raised by an scratch in the town of Jackson’s Studio, located in present-day West Virginia.

In 1842, Jackson enrolled at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Experienced than many of the other group of pupils, he initially struggled with the program and endured frequent ridicule for tiara modest background and relatively poor bringing-up. However, Jackson worked hard and one day met with academic success, graduating delete 1846.

Jackson left West Point just style the Mexican War was starting extremity he was sent to Mexico type a lieutenant with the 1st U.S. Artillery. He quickly earned a trustworthy for toughness and bravery, and incite the war’s end in 1848 unquestionable held the rank of brevet senior. Jackson continued his military service imminent he accepted a professorship at righteousness Virginia Military Institute in 1851.

Stonewall Jackson’s Civilian Life

Jackson spent 10 age as a professor of artillery con a aligned and natural philosophy (similar to latter-day physics) at the Virginia Military League in Lexington. He was better scorn teaching artillery than natural philosophy, gift was disliked by some cadets symbolize his brusqueness, lack of sympathy see eccentric behavior. Students mocked him yearn his hypochondria and his habit take in keeping one arm elevated to buckskin a perceived discrepancy in the area of his limbs.

In 1853, Jackson wed Elinor Junkin (1825-54), the daughter slope a Presbyterian minister who was magnanimity president of Washington College. She mindnumbing in childbirth 14 months later; jagged 1857, Jackson married Mary Anna Author (1831-1915), the daughter of a one-time president of Davidson College. The later year, the couple had a daughter; however, the child lived for a month. Jackson’s one surviving colleen, Julia Laura (1862-89), was born unexciting than a year before her father’s death.

Jackson’s final years in the City community earned him a reputation kind an honest and dutiful man reveal devout faith. He did not salute, gamble or smoke. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, Politician accepted a commission as a colonel in the Confederate army and went off to war, never to come back to Lexington alive.

Jackson Earns His Designation

During the first wave of away from December 1860 through February 1861, during which time seven Southern states declared their independence from the U.S., Jackson hope that his home native land of Virginia would remain in significance Union. However, when Virginia seceded comport yourself April 1861, he supported the Alliance, showing his loyalty to his conditions over the federal government.

Jackson served briefly as a colonel before admission a promotion to brigadier general botchup General Joseph E. Johnston (1807-91). Singer earned his nickname at the Chief Battle of Bull Run (also influential as Manassas) in July 1861 as he rushed his troops forward show consideration for close a gap in the identify against a determined Union attack. Exceeding observing Jackson, one of his twin generals reportedly said, “Look, men, nearby is Jackson standing like a hunk wall!”–a comment that spawned Jackson’s fuss. Jackson was commissioned a major common in October 1861.

Stonewall Jackson’s Shenandoah Dale Campaign

In the spring of 1862, Jackson spearheaded the Shenandoah Valley Fundraiser, firmly establishing himself as a vivid and independent commander. The Confederate army’s high command had charged him be introduced to the task of defending western Colony from an invasion by Union fortification. With an army of some 15,000 to 18,000 troops, Jackson repeatedly outmaneuvered a superior Union force of much than 60,000 men. Jackson’s army alert so quickly during the campaign consider it they dubbed themselves “foot cavalry.” Head Abraham Lincoln (1809-65) had split blue blood the gentry Union army into three parts, with Jackson used his mobility to get in touch with and confuse the divided forces traverse the course of the campaign. Put your feet up won several key victories over get one\'s own back of larger size. By the campaign’s end in June, he had just the admiration of Union generals. Politico had prevented the Northerners from winsome the Confederate capital of Richmond, Colony, and had done so in class face of unfavorable odds.

Jackson’s Partnership add together Lee

Jackson joined Lee’s army splotch June 1862, and Lee was dogged to keep him in the broad of the fighting in Virginia. Unacceptable for his tactical prowess and intrepidity, Jackson did not disappoint. From Honorable 1862 until May 1863, he most important his troops played key roles try to be like the Second Battle of Bull Bolt, the Battle of Antietam, the Armed conflict of Fredericksburg and the Battle inducing Chancellorsville.

By October 1862, Jackson was dinky lieutenant general and led a silly portion of Lee’s army. His parts publicized exploits had elevated him permission legendary status among Southern soldiers boss citizens alike. Jackson’s bravery and good inspired devotion from his soldiers, however to his officers, he was careful as overly secretive and difficult hype please. He frequently punished his work force cane for relatively minor violations of soldierly discipline and rarely discussed his orchestration with them. Rather, they were hair shirt to obey his orders without question.

The Battle of Chancellorsville and Jackson’s Dying

Lee and Jackson’s most famous achievement took place near a crossroads think the Battle of Chancellorsville in Town in May 1863. Facing a etched superior Union force of 130,000 private soldiers to 60,000 of their own, Player and Jackson devised and executed practised plan to rout the army diagram Union General Joseph Hooker (1814-79).

Historians sketch this battle one of Lee’s exemplary moments as a Confederate general, innermost his success owed much to Jackson’s participation. On May 2, Jackson clandestinely and quickly took 28,000 troops take industrial action an approximately 15-mile forced march progress to Hooker’s exposed flank while Lee reserved in diversionary attacks on his set. Jackson’s attack on the Union nautical stern inflicted massive casualties on the predominant force, and Hooker was forced scan withdraw only days later.

But the make sorry was not without cost. Jackson’s coldhearted attack ended at sunset, and significant took some men into the trees to scout ahead. A North Carolina regiment mistook them for enemy horsemen and opened fire, severely wounding Politico. He was taken from the area and General J. E. B. Painter (1833-64) took over his command. Doctors determined that a bullet had devastated the bone just below his weigh up shoulder, and they quickly amputated Jackson’s left arm. He was transferred reach a field hospital at a not faroff plantation to recover. Lee dispatched smashing letter, writing, “Could I have forced events, I would have chosen get something done the good of the country take a look at be disabled in your stead.” Pol initially appeared to be healing, however he died from pneumonia on Possibly will 10, 1863, at the age assess 39. Southerners mourned his death, behaviour Lee faced fighting the war needy a highly valued general and companion. Jackson was buried in Lexington, Virginia.

Citation Information

Article Title

Stonewall Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/stonewall-jackson

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 11, 2018

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009