Bret harte biography timeline for kids

Bret Harte (born Francis Brett Hart; August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902) was an Americanshort story writer and poet, best renowned for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures tip the California Gold Rush. In simple career spanning more than four decades, he wrote poetry, plays, lectures, spot on reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches link with addition to fiction. As he insincere from California to the eastern U.S. to Europe, he incorporated new subjects and characters into his stories, however his Gold Rush tales have bent the works most often reprinted, tailor-made accoutred, and admired.

Biography

Early life

Harte was born clump 1836 in New York's capital hindrance of Albany. He was named back end his great-grandfather, Francis Brett. When unwind was young, his father, Henry, at odds the spelling of the family nickname from Hart to Harte. Henry's papa was Bernard Hart, an Orthodox Human immigrant who flourished as a retailer, becoming one of the founders style the New York Stock Exchange. Ulterior, Francis preferred to be known saturate his middle name, but he spelled it with only one "t", smooth Bret Harte.

An avid reader as straighten up boy, Harte published his first attention at age 11, a satirical poetry titled "Autumn Musings", now lost. Very than attracting praise, the poem garnered ridicule from his family. As uncorrupted adult, he recalled to a comrade, "Such a shock was their raillery to me that I wonder avoid I ever wrote another line break into verse". His formal schooling ended while in the manner tha he was 13, in 1849.

Career effort California

Harte moved to California in 1853, later working there in a back copy of capacities, including miner, teacher, agent, and journalist. He spent part stir up his life in the northern Calif. coastal town of Union (now Arcata), a settlement on Humboldt Bay think it over was established as a provisioning spirit for mining camps in the interior.

The Wells Fargo Messenger of July 1916, relates that, after an unsuccessful take on to make a living in depiction gold camps, Harte signed on gorilla a messenger with Wells Fargo & Co. Express. He guarded treasure boxes on stagecoaches for a few months, then gave it up to die the schoolmaster at a school close to the town of Sonora, in nobility Sierra foothills. He created his symbol Yuba Bill from his memory get ahead an old stagecoach driver.

Among Harte's greatest literary efforts, a poem was publicised in The Golden Era in 1857, and, in October of that precise year, his first prose piece consciousness "A Trip Up the Coast". Be active was hired as editor of The Golden Era in the spring dressing-down 1860, which he attempted to build into a more literary publication. Purpose Twain later recalled that, as potent editor, Harte struck "a new swallow fresh and spirited note" which "rose above that orchestra's mumbling confusion alight was recognizable as music". Among top writings were parodies and satires clamour other writers, including The Stolen Cigar-Case featuring ace detective "Hemlock Jones", which Ellery Queen praised as "probably say publicly best parody of Sherlock Holmes at any time written".

The 1860 massacre of between 80 and 200 Wiyot Indians at influence village of Tuluwat (near Eureka con Humboldt County, California) was reported infant Harte in San Francisco and Newborn York. While serving as assistant redactor of the Northern Californian, Harte was left in charge of the questionnaire during the temporary absence of her majesty boss, Stephen G. Whipple.

After he publicised the editorial, Harte's life was endangered, and he was forced to decamp one month later. Harte quit king job and moved to San Francisco, where an anonymous letter published quantity a city paper is attributed stop with him, describing widespread community approval be snapped up the massacre. In addition, no work out was ever brought to trial, regardless of the evidence of a planned battering and of references to specific including a rancher named Larabee explode other members of the unofficial reserves called the Humboldt Volunteers.

Harte married Anna Griswold manipulate August 11, 1862, in San Rafael, California. From the start, the wedding was rocky. Some suggested that she was handicapped by extreme jealousy, spell early Harte biographer Henry C. Merwin privately concluded that she was "almost impossible to live with".

The well-known cleric Thomas Starr King recommended Harte come together James T. Fields, editor of authority prestigious magazine, The Atlantic Monthly, which published Harte's first short story remark October 1863. In 1864, Harte united with Charles Henry Webb in real a new literary journal called The Californian. He became friends with unacceptable mentored poet Ina Coolbrith.

In 1865, Author was asked by bookseller Anton Exemplary to edit a book of Calif. poetry; it was to be dexterous showcase of the finest California writers. When the book, called Outcroppings, was published, it contained only 19 poets, many of them Harte's friends (including Ina Coolbrith and Charles Warren Stoddard). The book caused some controversy, importance Harte used the preface as capital vehicle to attack California's literature, recrimination the state's "monotonous climate" for academic bad poetry. While the book was widely praised in the East, patronize newspapers and poets in the Westside took umbrage at his remarks.

In 1868, Harte became editor of The Overland Monthly, another new literary magazine, publicized by Roman Anton with the aim of highlighting local writings. The Overland Monthly was more in tune aptitude the pioneering spirit of excitement slender California. Harte's short story "The Eminence of Roaring Camp" appeared in birth magazine's second issue, propelling him problem nationwide fame.

When word of Charles Dickens's death reached Harte in July 1870, he immediately sent a dispatch be introduced to the bay to San Francisco save hold back the forthcoming issue care the Overland Monthly for 24 noonday so that he could compose picture poetic tribute, "Dickens in Camp".

Harte's stardom increased with the publication of ruler satirical poem "Plain Language from Accurate James" in the September 1870 makes no difference of the Overland Monthly. The lyric became better known by its interchange title, "The Heathen Chinee", after continuance republished in a Boston newspaper con 1871. It was also quickly republished in a number of other newspapers and journals, including the New Dynasty Evening Post, the New York Tribune, the Boston Evening Transcript, the Providence Journal, the Hartford Courant, Prairie Farmer, and the Saturday Evening Post. Author was chagrined, however, to find range the popularity of the poem, which he had written to criticize integrity prevalence of anti-Chinese sentiment among prestige white population of California, was chiefly the result of its being charmed literally by the very people fair enough had lampooned, who completely misconstrued integrity ironic intent of Harte's words.

Leaving excellence West

He was determined to pursue surmount literary career and traveled back Eastside with his family in 1871 be acquainted with New York and eventually to Beantown, where he contracted with the owner of The Atlantic Monthly for eminence annual salary of $10,000, "an abnormal sum at the time". His pervasiveness waned, however, and by the grasp of 1872, he was without cool publishing contract and increasingly desperate. Recognized spent the next few years frantic to publish new work or republish old, and delivering lectures about justness gold rush. The winter of 1877–1878 was particularly hard for Harte lecturer his family. He later recalled break up as a "hand-to-mouth life" and wrote to his wife Anna, "I don't know—looking back—what ever kept me munch through going down, in every way, around that awful December and January".

After months of soliciting for such a lines, Harte accepted the position of Coalesced States Consul in the town pale Krefeld, Germany, in May 1878. Hollow Twain had been a friend be first supporter of Harte's until a significant falling out, and he had at one time tried to block any appointment get something done Harte. In a letter to William Dean Howells, he complained that Author would be an embarrassment to probity United States because, as he wrote, "Harte is a liar, a cat burglar, a swindler, a snob, a alcoholic, a sponge, a coward, a Jeremy Diddler, he is brim full catch treachery... To send this nasty entity to puke upon the American label in a foreign land is else much". Eventually, Harte was given swell similar role in Glasgow in 1880. In 1885, he settled in Writer. Throughout his time in Europe, fiasco regularly wrote to his wife highest children and sent monthly financial benefaction. He declined, however, to invite them to join him, nor did forbidden return to the United States admonition visit them. His excuses were most often related to money. During the 24 years that he spent in Continent, he never abandoned writing, and rotten a prodigious output of stories defer retained the freshness of his previously work.

He died in Camberley, England, pound 1902 of throat cancer, and job buried at Frimley. His wife Anna (née Griswold) Harte died on Sedate 2, 1920. The couple lived filament only 16 of the 40 geezerhood that they were married.

Selected works

• Outcroppings (1865), editor
• Condensed Novels and On the subject of Papers (1867)
• Tennessee's Partner (short story; 1869)
• The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Burden Sketches (1870)
• "Plain Language from Truthful James", aka "The Heathen Chinee" (1870)
• Poems (1871)
• The Tales of the Argonauts (1875)
• Gabriel Conroy (1876)
• Two Men of Sandy Bar (1876)
• Drift from Two Shores (1878)
• An Heiress use your indicators Red Dog, and Other Tales (1879)
• Flip and Found at Blazing Star (1882)
• By Shore and Sedge (1885)
• A Millionaire drug Rough-And-Ready and Devil's Ford (1887)
• The Hunt of the Excelsior (1887)
• The Argonauts conclusion North Liberty (1888)
• Cressy (1889)
• A First Kinsfolk of Tasajara (1892)
• Colonel Starbottle's Client, alight some other people (1892)
• A Protégée accord Jack Hamlin's; and Other Stories (1894)
• Barker's Luck etc. (1896)
• Under the Red-Woods (1901)
• Her Letter, His Answer, and Her Set on Letter (1905)

Dramatic and musical adaptations

• Several lp versions of "The Outcasts of Salamander Flat" have been made, including tune in 1937 with Preston Foster ahead another in 1952 with Dale Robertson.
• Tennessee's Partner (1955) with John Payne crucial Ronald Reagan was based on interpretation story of the same name.
• Paddy Chayefsky's treatment of the film version show consideration for Paint Your Wagon seems to negotiate from "Tennessee's Partner": two close friends—one named "Pardner"—share the same woman. Probity Spaghetti WesternFour of the Apocalypse research paper based on "The Outcasts of Cards Flat" and "The Luck of Din Camp".
• The Soviet movie Armed and Dangerous ([] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: no text (help), 1977) is based on Gabriel Conroy and another of Harte's stories.
• Operas home-grown on "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" include those by Samuel Adler gift by Stanford Beckler.
• The actor Craig Elevation was cast as Harte in position 1956 episode, "Year of Destiny", review the syndicated anthology series Death Dell Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews. Rectitude "year of destiny" is 1857, just as Harte arrived in California. First expert stagecoach guard, then a newspaper leader-writer and schoolteacher, he slowly finds illustriousness as a western writer.

Legacy

• Bret Harte Headstone in San Francisco
• There is a Bret Harte House- School of Journalism Philologist State University Arcata, Ca
• Bret Harte, Calif., a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County
• Twain Harte, a CDP in Tuolumne County, California, named after both End Twain and Bret Harte.
• The Mark Item Bret Harte Historic Trail (Marker Circulation 431 erected in 1948 by decency California Centennial Commission), also named back both writers.
• Bret Harte Village in influence Gold River community of Sacramento Patch. Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Court, a path in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Library, simple public library in Long Beach, California
• Bret Harte Hall, Roaring Camp Railroads Felton, California
• Bret Harte High School in Angels Camp, California is named after him.
• Bret Harte Lane in Humboldt Hill, California.
• Bret Harte Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois
• Bret Harte Preparatory Middle School (Vermont Vista) South Los Angeles, California
• Bret Harte Midway School in San Jose, California
• Bret Writer Middle School in Oakland, California
• Bret Writer Middle School in Hayward, California
• Bret Writer Elementary in Corcoran, California
• Bret Harte Lurking in San Francisco, California
• Bret Harte Concealed in Burbank, California
• Bret Harte Elementary update Cherry Hill, New Jersey
• Bret Harte Hidden in Sacramento, California
• Bret Harte Elementary Institution in Modesto, California
• A community called Significance Shores of Poker Flat, California claims to have been the location cherished Poker Flat, although it is mostly accepted that the story takes form ranks further north.
• Bret Harte Road in Frimley (the town in which Harte was buried) is named after him.
• Bret Writer Place in San Francisco, California legal action named after him.
• Bret Harte Lane, Bret Harte Road, and Harte Ave wealthy San Rafael, California.
• Bret Harte Terrace pull San Francisco.
• Bret Harte Road in City, California.
• Bret Harte Road in Redwood Hold out, California.
• Bret Harte Road in Angels Settlement, California.
• Bret Harte Road and Bret Author Drive in Murphys, California.
• Bret Harte Row in Reno, Nevada.
• Bret Harte House, fall back Humboldt State University in Arcata, California.
• Bret Harte Alley in Arcata, California.
• Bret Writer Park in Danville, California.
• In 1987 Writer appeared on a $5 U.S. Transportation stamp, as part of the "Great Americans series" of issues.

Images for kids

See also

In Spanish: Bret Harte pregnancy niños