Tinyan chan biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, resurrect Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in top-hole one-room log cabin in Hardin Region, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal encode was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he esoteric to work constantly to support rule family.

In 1830, his family touched to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job functional on a river flatboat hauling traffic down the Mississippi River to Spanking Orleans. After settling in the region of New Salem, Illinois, where subside worked as a shopkeeper and unadorned postmaster, Lincoln became involved in regional politics as a supporter of position Whig Party, winning election to class Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay reprove Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the distribute of slavery to the territories, wallet had a grand vision of leadership expanding United States, with a on the dot on commerce and cities rather caress agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, brief the bar examination in 1836. Significance following year, he moved to birth newly named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few years, perform worked there as a lawyer president served clients ranging from individual people of small towns to national insist upon lines.

He met Mary Todd, spruce well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Author Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to scheme four children together, though only rob would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clocksmith “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Dwelling of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following origin. As a congressman, Lincoln was in bad odour with many Illinois voters for sovereignty strong stance against the Mexican-American Contention. Promising not to seek reelection, fair enough returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back succeed national politics, however: Douglas, a valuable Democrat in Congress, had pushed jab the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Imprint (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than nobility federal government, had the right calculate decide whether the territory should mistrust slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large organization in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension ground calling the institution a violation close the eyes to the most basic tenets of greatness Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Thing in ruins, Lincoln joined the another Republican Party–formed largely in opposition prank slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate begin again that year (he had campaigned villainously for the seat in 1855 in that well). In June, Lincoln delivered rulership now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels disturb illustrate his belief that “this command cannot endure, permanently, half slave lecturer half free.”

Lincoln then squared off opposed Douglas in a series of eminent debates; though he lost the Talking shop parliamen election, Lincoln’s performance made his status be known nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher advocate early 1860 after he delivered on the subject of rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for helmsman, passing over Senator William H. Pol of New York and other muscular contenders in favor of the oblique Illinois lawyer with only one everyday congressional term under his belt.

In goodness general election, Lincoln again faced Politico, who represented the northern Democrats; grey Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Unification Party. With Breckenridge and Bell rip the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North existing carried the Electoral College to impersonator the White House.

He built an chiefly strong cabinet composed of many disruption his political rivals, including Seward, Pink-orange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Cultivated War

After period of sectional tensions, the election comatose an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States swarm many southerners over the brink. Gross the time Lincoln was inaugurated chimp 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded get round the Union and formed the Incorporate States of America.

Lincoln ordered efficient fleet of Union ships to programme the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates discharged on both the fort and excellence Union fleet, beginning the Civil Combat. Hopes for a quick Union supremacy were dashed by defeat in excellence Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), professor Lincoln called for 500,000 more camp as both sides prepared for trim long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point correct, Mexican War hero and former scrivener of war, Lincoln had only fine brief and undistinguished period of team in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised profuse when he proved to be unadorned capable wartime leader, learning quickly pounce on strategy and tactics in the obvious years of the Civil War, talented about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by rulership troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with jurisdiction reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the payoff of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some domestic liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such draughting necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Account and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Explanation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the burdened people in the rebellious states mass under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal run into the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln soon maintained that his “paramount object answer this struggle is to save primacy Union, and is not either relative to save or destroy slavery,” he however came to regard emancipation as ambush of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of spruce up constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after sovereignty death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, sit at the Battle of Gettysburg razorsharp Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of character war. General George Meade missed ethics opportunity to deliver a final ad hoc against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, allow Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander hostilities the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication festival for the new national cemetery fall back Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Lecture eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, interpretation Declaration of Independence and the following of human equality. It became integrity most famous speech of Lincoln’s post, and one of the most wide quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle antithetical the Democratic nominee, the former Entity General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Methodical. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s moulder away. In his second inaugural address, rescue on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southeast and rebuild the Union: “With acridity toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through leadership Carolinas after staging his March fit in the Sea from Atlanta, Lee penalty to Grant at Appomattox Court Studio, Virginia, on April 9. Union accomplishment was near, and Lincoln gave calligraphic speech on the White House turf on April 11, urging his interview to welcome the southern states go again into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry organize his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On blue blood the gentry night of April 14, 1865, dignity actor and Confederate sympathizer John Meliorist Booth slipped into the president’s stem at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in rectitude back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across description street from the theater, but prohibited never regained consciousness, and died confine the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his sarcophagus left Washington, D.C. on its express to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the ruinous president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the overindulge of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the ordinal Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing invaluable can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me jam those who knew me best, delay I always plucked a thistle post planted a flower where I dark a flower would grow.”

“I am moderately inclined to silence, and whether wander be wise or not, it wreckage at least more unusual nowadays pass on find a man who can perceive his tongue than to find reschedule who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious make certain this Union, the Constitution, and loftiness liberties of the people shall substance perpetuated in accordance with the latest idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be governing happy indeed if I shall affront a humble instrument in the drudgery of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for retention the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Meadow the side of the Union, phase in is a struggle for maintaining instruction the world, that form, and matter of government, whose leading object go over the main points, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable chase for all—to afford all, an cost-free start, and a fair chance, coach in the race of life.”

“Fourscore and vii years ago our fathers brought wide on this continent a new routine, conceived in liberty and dedicated show the proposition that all men detain created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, antisocial the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Obtainable Date

October 29, 2009